week 7

 

WWhat does “accumulate” mean based on the article?

forming a collection from separate parts

2. Find a synonym and antonym of “accumulate”.

synonym; added, combined, collected

antonym; individual, part

 

Compare “accumulate” and “increase”:

 

The table below shows the nouns following “accumulate” and “increase”, respectively

PS: W1=accumulate, W2=increase. You only have to look at the second to the fourth columns in each table. The number in each cell represents the frequencies that each noun follows “accumulate” and “increase”.

(3.1) Can you find the features of the nouns following these two words, respectively?

tend to be

accumulate; countable

increase; uncountable

 

(3.2) What is the relationship of “accumulate” and “increase”? (e.g. Do they share the same meaning? Or what else can you find?)

 

  increase means object itself increase in numbers but accumulate means to combine some objects together into one.

 

4. Read the sentences below and choose the word, accumulate or increase, that best fits in the context.

(4.1) Dr. Day has found that under increased UV exposure, these plants produce smaller, thicker leaves and stock them with extra photosynthetic pigments and other chemicals. For every unit of surface area, says Day, " your construction costs are higher, " and these costs may _____accumulate_____ over time.

(4.2) The recipe of the soup is to add green beans and crushed red pepper and stir in crumbled bacon, black pepper, and salt. Snap (or string) beans may be substituted. ___increse_______cook time in all the steps to 5 minutes.

5. Make a sentence of "accumulate".

we used accumulated toxins to experience something.

 

 

W6 Vocab blog

consume


1. use up


2. I consumed hours in reading.


3. synonym: spend, use (up), 
    antonym: save


4.Ex1: The missionary is so consumed with passion that he travels to the remote areas to advocate the love from God. → feeling full of passion 


Ex2: Parents should be fair to their children, or the one who gets less attention may be consumed with jealousy.
→ children will be possessed with jealousy


invest


1 investor = an individual who commits money to investment products with the expectation of financial return.


2 The government invested millions of dollars in the new communication system.


3 synonym: devote, supply, entrust
  antonym: divest


4 Ex1: The chairperson invested the CEO with all the powers to remake the corporate culture.
→make CEO have all the power

  Ex2: A family partnership invests the heir of the current chairperson the power to take over the company after the current chairperson steps down.

→installed the heir as the next chairperson 

reinforce

1 to strengthen 

2 synonym: boost, multiply, strengthen, increase

  antonym: weaken, subtract

3 reinforcement

4 They reinforced the barriers with logs. 

Week5: The Remaking of the American University

Details/ categories

Unlikely the students from former generations, university students who are especially older, part-time working students especially those with children started to consider not only the university's education level but also convenience, service, quality and low cost.
Now university which has those advantages is highly recognized by students.

The implied main idea

Unlikely the students from former generations,  many university students are now more considerable of their convenience of their college life more than the level of the educations.

week 4

Primitive

Let’s take a look at the five top nouns that follows “primitive” (=primitive + N.) in American English, namely “art”, “life”, “people”, “sculpture”, and “man”. I screenshot the examples from an online corpus. Read the examples and make a guess about the meaning of “primitive”. Think about whether “primitive” has a positive, negative, or neutral meaning in the examples (Click the example pictures to see th enlarged images).

(1)    Primitive art

(2)    Primitive life

(3)    Primitive people

(4)    Primitive sculpture

(5)    Primitive man

(6)    What does “primitive” mean in the five phrases mentioned above.

Ancient, prertaining to a preliterate or tribal people having cultural or physical similarities with their early ancestors,unaffected or little affected by civilizing influences, 

(7)    Does “primitive” in the following five cases have a positive, negative, or neutral meaning?

Primitive + N.	Positive	Neutral	Negative
Primitive art	x
Primitive life			x
Primitive people		x
Primitive sculpture	x
Primitive man			x

Primarily

(1)    What does “primarily” mean in the article. You may want to refer to the article to decide what it means.

mainly

(2)    Find a synonym of “primarily”.

originally, initially

(3)    “Primary” is the adjective of “primarily”. One of its meanings is “happening first”. Compare “primary” and “primitive”. Do you think the two adjectives have the same meaning in this sense? Why?

I think it is slightly different. The word "primary" has meanings of  "happening first" "earlier stage", on the other hand  "primitive" has meanings of "ancient" or "under developed".

week 3

Feature (n)

1.     What does “feature” mean in the article?

something important or typical

2.     “Feature” can be a verb. What does it mean?

・to include or show something, or to be included as an important part

・to show a film,  play etc

3.     Make a sentence of “feature” as a verb.

This movie featured a famous actor.

4.     Find a synonym and an antonym of “feature” as a verb.

synonym:  emphasize

antonym: disregard, ignore

Perspective

1.     What is the part of speech of “perspective”?

noun

2.     What does “perspective” mean in the article?

the way of view

3.     Find a synonym of “perspective”.

viewpoint

4.     Make a sentence of “perspective”.

This book is written from a child's perspective.

5.     Read the following text from Journal of Environmental Health and think what “put…in perspective” means.

People tend to view factors that are beyond their control, such as pesticides on their food, as more menacing than known risks that they can control, such as smoking. In addition, most people find it difficult to place environmental risks in perspective, especially when the risk is relatively low. Clear communication and education are vital to help the public recognize the hazards, put them in perspective, and learn what can be done to reduce the risk to health.

I think it means: to make people judge the importance of health and its risks correctly

Unique

1, What does “unique” mean in the article?

unusually good and special

2. Make a sentence of “unique”.

His art work is very creative and unique.

3. Find a synonym and an antonym of “unique”.

synonym: particular

antonym: ordinary, common

4. What is the noun form of “unique”?

uniqueness

Mon. 29 Aug 2011

overlap /ˌəʊ.vəˈlæp/
1. What does the "overlap" in the text mean?

part of the text covers the other part of text and share the meanings and they are linked.

2. Write one synonym and antonym of "overlap". (Make a sentence of each word, if need be.)

go beyond


and following 2 exapmples are from maki's blog. link is here; http://maki-hata.blogspot.com/
synonym-duplicate
   He duplicates the same error again and again.
antonym-divide
   Germany was divided into two countries in the past.

3. Make a sentence of overlapping (or "overlap"). Please listen carefully to the cd and overlap the words.


Survey
1. What does "survey" in the text mean?
  /ˈsɜː.veɪ/
to look at something carefully 

2. What does "survey" in the following sentences mean:
The survey is about the best restaurants in Honolulu. 

in this case, survey means some kind of questions to find out their opinions about some particular things. 


John surveyed the attitudes of the college students toward the library service.  

in this case, survey means to examine the condition of something and report the results to people who wants to buy or have it.3. Make a sentence of overlapping (or "overlap"). 
 

week1 introduction

Ensure

1. What does “ensure” in the text mean?
toto make sure that certain thing will happen proparly

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/ensure?q=ensure

2. Write one synonym of “ensure”.

insure

3.
Make a sentence of “ensure”.

This wheelchair is ensured its safety.

4.
The meaning of “ensure” sometimes is similar to “insure”. However, “insure” has another meaning which “ensure” does not have. What is the different meaning?


to protect yourself against the risk of something bad happening or preparing.





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